22. June 2009, 20:27
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Kübler-Ross model, commonly known as the five stages of grief, was first introduced by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book “On Death and Dying”. It describes, in five discrete stages, a process by which people allegedly deal with grief and tragedy, especially when diagnosed with a terminal illness or catastrophic loss.
Stages
- 1) Denial:
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- Denial is usually only a temporary defense for the individual. This feeling is generally replaced with heightened awareness of situations and individuals that will be left behind after death.
- Example – “I feel fine.”; “This can’t be happening, not to me.”
- 2) Anger:
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- Once in the second stage, the individual recognizes that denial cannot continue. Because of anger, the person is very difficult to care for due to misplaced feelings of rage and envy. Any individual that symbolizes life or energy is subject to projected resentment and jealousy.
- Example – “Why me? It’s not fair!”; “How can this happen to me?”; “Who is to blame?”
- 3) Bargaining:
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- The third stage involves the hope that the individual can somehow postpone or delay death. Usually, the negotiation for an extended life is made with a higher power in exchange for a reformed lifestyle. Psychologically, the person is saying, “I understand I will die, but if I could just have more time…”
- Example – “Just let me live to see my children graduate.”; “I’ll do anything for a few more years.”; “I will give my life savings if…”
- 4) Depression:
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- During the fourth stage, the dying person begins to understand the certainty of death. Because of this, the individual may become silent, refuse visitors and spend much of the time crying and grieving. This process allows the dying person to disconnect themself from things of love and affection. It is not recommended to attempt to cheer an individual up that is in this stage. It is an important time for grieving that must be processed.
- Example – “I’m so sad, why bother with anything?”; “I’m going to die . . . What’s the point?”; “I miss my loved one, why go on?”
- 5) Acceptance:
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- This final stage comes with peace and understanding of the death that is approaching. Generally, the person in the fifth stage will want to be left alone. Additionally, feelings and physical pain may be non-existent. This stage has also been described as the end of the dying struggle.
- Example – “It’s going to be okay.”; “I can’t fight it, I may as well prepare for it.”
Kübler-Ross originally applied these stages to people suffering from terminal illness, and later to any form of catastrophic personal loss (job, income, freedom). This may also include significant life events such as the death of a loved one, divorce, drug addiction, or an infertility diagnosis.
Kübler-Ross also claimed these steps do not necessarily come in the order noted above, nor are all steps experienced by all patients, though she stated a person will always experience at least two. Often, people will experience several stages in a “roller coaster” effect – switching between two or more stages, returning to one or more several times before working through it. Significantly, people experiencing the stages should not force the process. The grief process is highly personal and should not be rushed, nor lengthened, on the basis of an individual’s imposed time frame or opinion. One should merely be aware that the stages will be worked through and the ultimate stage of “Acceptance” will be reached. However, there are individuals that struggle with death until the end. Some psychologists believe that the harder a person fights death, they are more likely to stay in the denial stage. If this is the case, it is possible the ill person will have more difficulty dying in a dignified way.
17. June 2009, 07:08
English is lingua franca de facto. How Chinese compares to it?
- Like in English, you have to learn around 800 words to be able to participate in conversation in the minimum level and around 5000 words for common daily usage.
- Like in English, the grammar is pretty simple, words are not changing depending on how you use them, etc. In fact, it is even simpler, because there are no irregular verbs in Chinese.
- Like in English, you have to learn how to pronounce some sounds, which are not present in other languages.
- Like in English, you cannot pronounce an unknown word by just looking at it.
- Like in English, there is a main dialect (US English corresponds to Mandarin), secondary dialect (UK = Cantonese) and many others, differing dialects, and not every dialect speaker can speak the main dialect.
- Like in English, the same word can be used as verb, noun or adjective.
Unlike English, you have to sing the tones. And this may prevent Chinese to be a universal language.
There is no equivalent of pidgin english in Chinese - this sort of English a russian-speaking person living in Germany (me) uses to speak with Estonian collegues
I’m also using it for this article.
“Pidgin Chinese” would omit tones and use Pinyin to write words. Like with pidgin english, it would be very hard to understand by a normal chinese speaker, but it still could be a basis for another lingua franca. And I suppose many foreigners unable to get the tone right are already speaking it
11. June 2009, 12:19
It is surprisingly hard to find enjoyable english translations of Russian Silver Age poetry. While it is an important topic (and personally, my favorite) in the Russian culture and particularly in Russian poetry, Silver Age seems to be largely unknown outside.
Continue reading ‘Some Silver Age translations’ »
9. June 2009, 20:02
Business is about creating value.
“Value” is here… um… pretty anything that is of value: products, services, capital, information, emotions, health, security (taking over risks) or things leading to value (like software features or legal regulations). When value is created, it can be sold to customers in exchange to other kinds of value.
Normally, you have to invest some existing value to create new value. But sometimes, it is not the case. Especially in software development, you can often see how a new value is created as a by-product, or even because of NOT doing something.
Continue reading ‘Value of business’ »
7. June 2009, 00:23
On his way to seniority, every junior software developer has to deal with commenting source code. Usually, it starts with following a recommendation from his favorite programming book. The novice developer is so exited that a program he has written himself, with his own fingertips, compiles, runs and breathes that he is eager to follow any advice from his book, even without clear understanding of reasons and consequences of his doing. So, comments like
i++; //increment i
arise.
Continue reading ‘Lost in translation’ »